O foco deste artigo é analisar as antropologias históricas dos historiadores Reinhart Koselleck e Jörn Rüsen, com o objetivo de pontuar as similaridades e as diferenças entre elas. Para tal, partimos do significado que Koselleck atribui à teoria da história, entendida por ele como teoria das “condições de possibilidade da história”, tendo como objeto de estudo aquilo que é comum a toda experiência histórica, que a estrutura e a torna possível. Assim, Koselleck trabalhou a partir de pares de categorias antropológicas, (...) ou universais, tais como ter de morrer/poder matar e interno/externo. Rüsen também fez algumas análises a partir do uso de pares antropológicos. A partir da análise e comparação das teorias destes dois historiadores chegamos à tese de que Koselleck constrói uma antropologia histórica baseada no “conflito”, enquanto a de Rüsen é calcada na noção de “humanidade”, sendo esta uma grande diferença epistemológica entre os autores. (shrink)

O relato é resultado da reflexão dos conhecimentos produzidos interculturalmente no percurso do Curso de Magistério Indígena, Nível Médio da Secretaria de Educação do Estado da Bahia. Foi elaborado a partir das práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas na Escola Estadual Kijetxawê Zabelê, no município de Prado/BA; das vivências nos projetos das comunidades Pataxó em Cumuruxatiba/Kaí e nas trocas realizadas com meus colegas e professores, especialmente, com os saberes dos Troncos Velhos das Aldeias de Cumuruxatiba.

Para o campo da Ciência da Informação (CI), é de grande relevância a discussão sobre o fluxo informacional, que é um objeto focal das pesquisas desenvolvidas nessa área. Por esse motivo, não são estudados apenas os meios e os conceitos, mas as relações que eles têm entre si e as suas mediações, sempre levando em consideração os processos que envolvem sua comunicação, usabilidade e acessibilidade pelo tecido social. Também, observam-se as distintas visões que envolvem a mediação tida na Ciência da (...) Informação e os diversos ramos do conhecimento, tais como a Comunicação, a Psicologia e a Ciência do Direito. Diante disso, este trabalho trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que visa conceituar a mediação da informação em áreas distintas e analisar a importância dessa atividade em cada segmento. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, esta pesquisa é de natureza aplicada, enquadrando-se nos objetivos exploratório e descritivo. (shrink)

Um dos problemas a serem superados pelos defensores de uma IA forte é o argumento do quarto chinês de J. Searle. Este artigo propôs-se a analisar se o argumento estruturado no experimento de pensamento do quarto chinês foi refutado pelo modelo de superinteligência. Analisamos o modelo de N. Bostrom e o argumento de S. Bringsjord e verificamos não serem eles suficientes para rejeitar qualquer premissa do argumento de Searle.

A questão relacionada ao método, na obra de Michel Foucault, é uma problemática na qual alguns pesquisadores têm se debruçado, tendo em vista a diversidade dos caminhos de pesquisa trilhados ao longo de sua produção intelectual. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo, através de uma discussão teórica, pretende colocar em pauta o conceito de anarqueologia, desenvolvido pelo filósofo francês no curso Do governo dos vivos, de 1980. A hipótese que se pretende desdobrar é a de que o conceito em voga se (...) inscreve em um percurso teórico-metodológico particular, abarcando um encadeamento dos três domínios ou eixos (ser-saber, ser-poder, ser-consigo) da obra de Foucault, viabilizando assim certa reformulação da interpretação foucaultiana acerca do sujeito. (shrink)

O estudo dos fatos e episódios científicos é importante no sentido de possibilitar a compreensão do desenvolvimento das Ciências em contextos tanto do ensino, em diversos níveis, quanto da pesquisa. No entanto, a leitura dessa construção histórica precisa considerar visões de Ciência que superem as perspectivas lineares e neutras sobre a construção do processo de produção científica. Sob tal perspectiva, propõe-se nesse artigo uma releitura do movimento de elaboração do modelo da dupla hélice do DNA a partir do aporte epistemológico (...) de Thomas Kuhn. Entendemos ser este um contexto importante que permeia a formação científica, tanto na educação básica quanto no ensino superior, no campo das Ciências Biológicas e que os conceitos desenvolvidos a partir da elaboração do modelo da dupla hélice são basilares para a compreensão de conhecimentos relacionados à genética, citologia, evolução, dentre outros. No processo de revisitar esse recorte histórico, identificamos os embates teóricos entre pesquisadores de diversos campos, a competição e o consenso como elementos que mobilizam a busca de respostas na concretização de um novo paradigma. Dessa forma, a dinamicidade da Ciência se mostra presente rejeitando a ideia do dado pronto e valorizando o processo no qual o conhecimento se constrói. Propomos que este seja um exercício de reflexão considerando-se que revisitar a história da Ciência a partir de diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas pode propiciar aos sujeitos novos olhares em um devir que descortine conceitos construídos de maneira dinâmica por homens e mulheres que, entre ires e vires, dão significado aos fenômenos que nos rodeiam. Palavras-chave: DNA, Thomas Kuhn, ciência normal, revolução científica. (shrink)

Este trabajo investiga las interrelaciones entre la regulación y los as-pectos económicos y ambientales en una comunidad de agricultores familiares en la región conocida como Zona da Mata Mineira, en el estado brasileño de Minas Gerais. El estudio es producto de una acti-vidad de extensión realizada entre 2016 y 2018, y tuvo como objetivo asesorar a los pequeños productores en el proceso de adecuación legal de la producción. Durante este período se realizaron cerca de cinco reuniones entre investigadores y comuneros, (...) en las que se analizaron las dificultades encontradas por los pequeños productores en relación con el referido proceso. Las experiencias reportadas fueron confron-tadas con el régimen legal regulatorio para la actividad acuícola en Brasil, tomando como categorías de análisis los atributos de norma-tividad y facticidad del sistema legal. Se concluyó que la regulación ambiental en el área de la acuicultura en Brasil, diseñada para grandes productores, carga de manera desproporcionada a los pequeños pro-ductores, generando un desequilibrio económico injustificado. Como aporte a la teoría, se propone, en definitiva, la formulación de un con-cepto de regulación jurídica inclusiva, cuyos rasgos distintivos inclu-yen la participación social y la promoción de la alfabetización jurídica como derecho fundamental. (shrink)

BackgroundBased on an actual case in which a psychiatrist was called in to assess a patient’s capacity to refuse treatment, the aim of this study is to discuss how to manage this ethical and clinical issue and the dilemmas faced by the medical team.Case presentation: The case involved a 45-year-old female patient diagnosed with breast cancer who refused treatment. Since the mastology team had doubts about the patient’s mental state and given that she refused to consent to surgery, a forensic (...) psychiatric consult was requested.ConclusionThe forensic psychiatry team concluded that the patient’s decision-making capacity was preserved. The team suggested some actions to help the specialists deal with the ethical conflict. A reflection is proposed about the role of psychiatrists when an ethical dilemma involving decision-making capacity emerges in clinical situations, elucidating their work not only as physicians who determine diagnoses and conducts, but also as agents of transformation in the doctor–patient re... (shrink)

São escassas as investigações sobre problemas internalizantes em adultos brasileiros. Estudos epidemiológicos apontam que ansiedade e depressão são mais comuns em mulheres. Este estudo apresenta uma investigação com 240 adultos de diferentes municípios da Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista, com uso do Adult Self Report. Dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial, considerando a variável sexo. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres da amostra em termos de problemas internalizantes, ansiedade/depressão, retraimento e queixas somáticas. Resultados são discutidos (...) à luz de dados epidemiológicos sobre transtornos mentais em outros recortes populacionais brasileiros. Ficam sugeridos novos estudos com ampliação de amostra. (shrink)

Table of contentsI1 Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research IntegrityConcurrent Sessions:1. Countries' systems and policies to foster research integrityCS01.1 Second time around: Implementing and embedding a review of responsible conduct of research policy and practice in an Australian research-intensive universitySusan Patricia O'BrienCS01.2 Measures to promote research integrity in a university: the case of an Asian universityDanny Chan, Frederick Leung2. Examples of research integrity education programmes in different countriesCS02.1 Development of a state-run “cyber education program of research ethics” in (...) KoreaEun Jung Ko, Jin Sun Kwak, TaeHwan Gwon, Ji Min Lee, Min-Ho LeeCS02.3 Responsible conduct of research teachers’ training courses in Germany: keeping on drilling through hard boards for more RCR teachersHelga Nolte, Michael Gommel, Gerlinde Sponholz3. The research environment and policies to encourage research integrityCS03.1 Challenges and best practices in research integrity: bridging the gap between policy and practiceYordanka Krastev, Yamini Sandiran, Julia Connell, Nicky SolomonCS03.2 The Slovenian initiative for better research: from national activities to global reflectionsUrsa Opara Krasovec, Renata SribarCS03.3 Organizational climate assessments to support research integrity: background of the Survey of Organizational Research Climate and the experience with its use at Michigan State UniversityBrian C. Martinson, Carol R. Thrush, C.K. Gunsalus4. Expressions of concern and retractionsCS04.1 Proposed guidelines for retraction notices and their disseminationIvan Oransky, Adam MarcusCS04.2 Watching retractions: analysis of process and practice, with data from the Wiley retraction archivesChris Graf, Verity Warne, Edward Wates, Sue JoshuaCS04.3 An exploratory content analysis of Expressions of ConcernMiguel RoigCS04.4 An ethics researcher in the retraction processMichael Mumford5. Funders' role in fostering research integrityCS05.1 The Fonds de Recherche du Québec’s institutional rules on the responsible conduct of research: introspection in the funding agency activitiesMylène Deschênes, Catherine Olivier, Raphaëlle Dupras-LeducCS05.2 U.S. Public Health Service funds in an international setting: research integrity and complianceZoë Hammatt, Raju Tamot, Robin Parker, Cynthia Ricard, Loc Nguyen-Khoa, Sandra TitusCS05.3 Analyzing decision making of funders of public research as a case of information asymmetryKarsten Klint JensenCS05.4 Research integrity management: Empirical investigation of academia versus industrySimon Godecharle, Ben Nemery, Kris Dierickx5A: Education: For whom, how, and what?CS05A.1 Research integrity or responsible conduct of research? What do we aim for?Mickey Gjerris, Maud Marion Laird Eriksen, Jeppe Berggren HoejCS05A.2 Teaching and learning about RCR at the same time: a report on Epigeum’s RCR poll questions and other assessment activitiesNicholas H. SteneckCS05A.4 Minding the gap in research ethics education: strategies to assess and improve research competencies in community health workers/promoteresCamille Nebeker, Michael Kalichman, Elizabeth Mejia Booen, Blanca Azucena Pacheco, Rebeca Espinosa Giacinto, Sheila Castaneda6. Country examples of research reward systems and integrityCS06.1 Improving systems to promote responsible research in the Chinese Academy of SciencesDing Li, Qiong Chen, Guoli Zhu, Zhonghe SunCS06.4 Exploring the perception of research integrity amongst public health researchers in IndiaParthasarathi Ganguly, Barna Ganguly7. Education and guidance on research integrity: country differencesCS07.1 From integrity to unity: how research integrity guidance differs across universities in Europe.Noémie Aubert Bonn, Kris Dierickx, Simon GodecharleCS07.2 Can education and training develop research integrity? The spirit of the UNESCO 1974 recommendation and its updatingDaniele Bourcier, Jacques Bordé, Michèle LeducCS07.3 The education and implementation mechanisms of research ethics in Taiwan's higher education: an experience in Chinese web-based curriculum development for responsible conduct of researchChien Chou, Sophia Jui-An PanCS07.4 Educating principal investigators in Swiss research institutions: present and future perspectivesLouis Xaver Tiefenauer8. Measuring and rewarding research productivityCS08.1 Altimpact: how research integrity underpins research impactDaniel Barr, Paul TaylorCS08.2 Publication incentives: just reward or misdirection of funds?Lyn Margaret HornCS08.3 Why Socrates never charged a fee: factors contributing to challenges for research integrity and publication ethicsDeborah Poff9. Plagiarism and falsification: Behaviour and detectionCS09.1 Personality traits predict attitude towards plagiarism of self and others in biomedicine: plagiarism, yes we can?Martina Mavrinac, Gordana Brumini, Mladen PetrovečkiCS09.2 Investigating the concept of and attitudes toward plagiarism for science teachers in Brazil: any challenges for research integrity and policy?Christiane Coelho Santos, Sonia VasconcelosCS09.3 What have we learnt?: The CrossCheck Service from CrossRefRachael LammeyCS09.4 High p-values as a sign of data fabrication/falsificationChris Hartgerink, Marcel van Assen, Jelte Wicherts10. Codes for research integrity and collaborationsCS10.1 Research integrity in cross-border cooperation: a Nordic exampleHanne Silje HaugeCS10.3 Research integrity, research misconduct, and the National Science Foundation's requirement for the responsible conduct of researchAaron MankaCS10.4 A code of conduct for international scientific cooperation: human rights and research integrity in scientific collaborations with international academic and industry partnersRaffael Iturrizaga11. Countries' efforts to establish mentoring and networksCS11.1 ENRIO : a network facilitating common approaches on research integrity in EuropeNicole FoegerCS11.2 Helping junior investigators develop in a resource-limited country: a mentoring program in PeruA. Roxana Lescano, Claudio Lanata, Gissella Vasquez, Leguia Mariana, Marita Silva, Mathew Kasper, Claudia Montero, Daniel Bausch, Andres G LescanoCS11.3 Netherlands Research Integrity Network: the first six monthsFenneke Blom, Lex BouterCS11.4 A South African framework for research ethics and integrity for researchers, postgraduate students, research managers and administratorsLaetus OK Lategan12. Training and education in research integrity at an early career stageCS12.1 Research integrity in curricula for medical studentsGustavo Fitas ManaiaCS12.2 Team-based learning for training in the responsible conduct of research supports ethical decision-makingWayne T. McCormack, William L. Allen, Shane Connelly, Joshua Crites, Jeffrey Engler, Victoria Freedman, Cynthia W. Garvan, Paul Haidet, Joel Hockensmith, William McElroy, Erik Sander, Rebecca Volpe, Michael F. VerderameCS12.4 Research integrity and career prospects of junior researchersSnezana Krstic13. Systems and research environments in institutionsCS13.1 Implementing systems in research institutions to improve quality and reduce riskLouise HandyCS13.2 Creating an institutional environment that supports research integrityDebra Schaller-DemersCS13.3 Ethics and Integrity Development Grants: a mechanism to foster cultures of ethics and integrityPaul Taylor, Daniel BarrCS13.4 A culture of integrity at KU LeuvenInge Lerouge, Gerard Cielen, Liliane Schoofs14. Peer review and its role in research integrityCS14.1 Peer review research across disciplines: transdomain action in the European Cooperation in Science and Technology “New Frontiers of Peer Review ”Ana Marusic, Flaminio SquazzoniCS14.2 Using blinding to reduce bias in peer reviewDavid VauxCS14.3 How to intensify the role of reviewers to promote research integrityKhalid Al-Wazzan, Ibrahim AlorainyCS14.4 Credit where credit’s due: professionalizing and rewarding the role of peer reviewerChris Graf, Verity Warne15. Research ethics and oversight for research integrity: Does it work?CS15.1 The psychology of decision-making in research ethics governance structures: a theory of bounded rationalityNolan O'Brien, Suzanne Guerin, Philip DoddCS15.2 Investigator irregularities: iniquity, ignorance or incompetence?Frank Wells, Catherine BlewettCS15.3 Academic plagiarismFredric M. Litto16. Research integrity in EuropeCS16.1 Whose responsibility is it anyway?: A comparative analysis of core concepts and practice at European research-intensive universities to identify and develop good practices in research integrityItziar De Lecuona, Erika Löfstrom, Katrien MaesCS16.2 Research integrity guidance in European research universitiesKris Dierickx, Noémie Bonn, Simon GodecharleCS16.3 Research Integrity: processes and initiatives in Science Europe member organisationsTony Peatfield, Olivier Boehme, Science Europe Working Group on Research IntegrityCS16.4 Promoting research integrity in Italy: the experience of the Research Ethics and Bioethics Advisory Committee of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Cinzia Caporale, Daniele Fanelli17. Training programs for research integrity at different levels of experience and seniorityCS17.1 Meaningful ways to incorporate research integrity and the responsible conduct of research into undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral and faculty training programsJohn Carfora, Eric Strauss, William LynnCS17.2 "Recognize, respond, champion": Developing a one-day interactive workshop to increase confidence in research integrity issuesDieter De Bruyn, Bracke Nele, Katrien De Gelder, Stefanie Van der BurghtCS17.4 “Train the trainer” on cultural challenges imposed by international research integrity conversations: lessons from a projectJosé Roberto Lapa e Silva, Sonia M. R. Vasconcelos18. Research and societal responsibilityCS18.1 Promoting the societal responsibility of research as an integral part of research integrityHelene IngierdCS18.2 Social responsibility as an ethical imperative for scientists: research, education and service to societyMark FrankelCS18.3 The intertwined nature of social responsibility and hope in scienceDaniel Vasgird, Stephanie BirdCS18.4 Common barriers that impede our ability to create a culture of trustworthiness in the research communityMark Yarborough19. Publication ethicsCS19.1 The authors' forum: A proposed tool to improve practices of journal editors and promote a responsible research environmentIbrahim Alorainy, Khalid Al-WazzanCS19.2 Quantifying research integrity and its impact with text analyticsHarold GarnerCS19.3 A closer look at authorship and publication ethics of multi- and interdisciplinary teamsLisa Campo-Engelstein, Zubin Master, Elise Smith, David Resnik, Bryn Williams-JonesCS19.4 Invisibility of duplicate publications in biomedicineMario Malicki, Ana Utrobicic, Ana Marusic20. The causes of bad and wasteful research: What can we do?CS20.1 From countries to individuals: unravelling the causes of bias and misconduct with multilevel meta-meta-analysisDaniele Fanelli, John PA IoannidisCS20.2 Reducing research waste by integrating systems of oversight and regulationGerben ter Riet, Tom Walley, Lex Marius BouterCS20.3 What are the determinants of selective reporting?: The example of palliative care for non-cancer conditionsJenny van der Steen, Lex BouterCS20.4 Perceptions of plagiarism, self-plagiarism and redundancy in research: preliminary results from a national survey of Brazilian PhDsSonia Vasconcelos, Martha Sorenson, Francisco Prosdocimi, Hatisaburo Masuda, Edson Watanabe, José Carlos Pinto, Marisa Palácios, José Lapa e Silva, Jacqueline Leta, Adalberto Vieyra, André Pinto, Mauricio Sant’Ana, Rosemary Shinkai21. Are there country-specific elements of misconduct?CS21.1 The battle with plagiarism in Russian science: latest developmentsBoris YudinCS21.2 Researchers between ethics and misconduct: A French survey on social representations of misconduct and ethical standards within the scientific communityEtienne Vergès, Anne-Sophie Brun-Wauthier, Géraldine VialCS21.3 Experience from different ways of dealing with research misconduct and promoting research integrity in some Nordic countriesTorkild VintherCS21.4 Are there specifics in German research misconduct and the ways to cope with it?Volker Bähr, Charité22. Research integrity teaching programmes and their challengesCS22.1 Faculty mentors and research integrityMichael Kalichman, Dena PlemmonsCS22.2 Training the next generation of scientists to use principles of research quality assurance to improve data integrity and reliabilityRebecca Lynn Davies, Katrina LaubeCS22.3 Fostering research integrity in a culturally-diverse environmentCynthia Scheopner, John GallandCS22.4 Towards a standard retraction formHervé Maisonneuve, Evelyne Decullier23. Commercial research and integrityCS23.1 The will to commercialize: matters of concern in the cultural economy of return-on-investment researchBrian NobleCS23.2 Quality in drug discovery data reporting: a mission impossible?Anja Gilis, David J. Gallacher, Tom Lavrijssen, Malwitz David, Malini Dasgupta, Hans MolsCS23.3 Instituting a research integrity policy in the context of semi-private-sector funding: an example in the field of occupational health and safetyPaul-Emile Boileau24. The interface of publication ethics and institutional policiesCS24.1 The open access ethical paradox in an open government effortTony SavardCS24.2 How journals and institutions can work together to promote responsible conductEric MahCS24.3 Improving cooperation between journals and research institutions in research integrity casesElizabeth Wager, Sabine Kleinert25. Reproducibility of research and retractionsCS25.1 Promoting transparency in publications to reduce irreproducibilityVeronique Kiermer, Andrew Hufton, Melanie ClyneCS25.2 Retraction notices issued for publications by Latin American authors: what lessons can we learn?Sonia Vasconcelos, Renan Moritz Almeida, Aldo Fontes-Pereira, Fernanda Catelani, Karina RochaCS25.3 A preliminary report of the findings from the Reproducibility Project: Cancer biologyElizabeth Iorns, William Gunn26. Research integrity and specific country initiativesCS26.1 Promoting research integrity at CNRS, FranceMichèle Leduc, Lucienne LetellierCS26.2 In pursuit of compliance: is the tail wagging the dog?Cornelia MalherbeCS26.3 Newly established research integrity policies and practices: oversight systems of Japanese research universitiesTakehito Kamata27. Responsible conduct of research and country guidelinesCS27.1 Incentives or guidelines? Promoting responsible research communication through economic incentives or ethical guidelines?Vidar EnebakkCS27.3 Responsible conduct of research: a view from CanadaLynn PenrodCS27.4 The Danish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity: a national initiative to promote research integrity in DenmarkThomas Nørgaard, Charlotte Elverdam28. Behaviour, trust and honestyCS28.1 The reasons behind non-ethical behaviour in academiaYves FassinCS28.2 The psychological profile of the dishonest scholarCynthia FekkenCS28.3 Considering the implications of Dan Ariely’s keynote speech at the 3rd World Conference on Research Integrity in MontréalJamal Adam, Melissa S. AndersonCS28.4 Two large surveys on psychologists’ views on peer review and replicationJelte WichertsBrett Buttliere29. Reporting and publication bias and how to overcome itCS29.1 Data sharing: Experience at two open-access general medical journalsTrish GrovesCS29.2 Overcoming publication bias and selective reporting: completing the published recordDaniel ShanahanCS29.3 The EQUATOR Network: promoting responsible reporting of health research studiesIveta Simera, Shona Kirtley, Eleana Villanueva, Caroline Struthers, Angela MacCarthy, Douglas Altman30. The research environment and its implications for integrityCS30.1 Ranking of scientists: the Russian experienceElena GrebenshchikovaCS30.4 From cradle to grave: research integrity, research misconduct and cultural shiftsBronwyn Greene, Ted RohrPARTNER SYMPOSIAPartner Symposium AOrganized by EQUATOR Network, Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health ResearchP1 Can we trust the medical research literature?: Poor reporting and its consequencesIveta SimeraP2 What can BioMed Central do to improve published research?Daniel Shanahan, Stephanie HarrimanP3 What can a "traditional" journal do to improve published research?Trish GrovesP4 Promoting good reporting practice for reliable and usable research papers: EQUATOR Network, reporting guidelines and other initiativesCaroline StruthersPartner Symposium COrganized by ENRIO, the European Network of Research Integrity OfficersP5 Transparency and independence in research integrity investigations in EuropeKrista Varantola, Helga Nolte, Ursa Opara, Torkild Vinther, Elizabeth Wager, Thomas NørgaardPartner Symposium DOrganized by IEEE, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersRe-educating our author community: IEEE's approach to bibliometric manipulation, plagiarism, and other inappropriate practicesP6 Dealing with plagiarism in the connected world: An Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers perspectiveJon RokneP7 Should evaluation of raises, promotion, and research proposals be tied to bibliometric indictors? What the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is doing to answer this questionGianluca SettiP8 Recommended practices to ensure conference content qualityGordon MacPhersonPartner Symposium EOrganized by the Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in the Conduct of Science of ICSU, the International Council for ScienceResearch assessment and quality in science: perspectives from international science and policy organisationsP9 Challenges for science and the problems of assessing researchEllen HazelkornP10 Research assessment and science policy developmentCarthage SmithP11 Research integrity in South Africa: the value of procedures and processes to global positioningRobert H. McLaughlinP12 Rewards, careers and integrity: perspectives of young scientists from around the worldTatiana Duque MartinsPartner Symposium FOrganized by the Online Resource Center for Ethics Education in Engineering and Science / Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society of the National Academy of EngineeringP13 Research misconduct: conceptions and policy solutionsTetsuya Tanimoto, Nicholas Steneck, Daniele Fanelli, Ragnvald Kalleberg, Tajammul HusseinPartner Symposium HOrganized by ORI, the Office of Research Integrity; Universitas 21; and the Asia Pacific Research Integrity NetworkP14 International integrity networks: working together to ensure research integrityPing Sun, Ovid Tzeng, Krista Varantola, Susan ZimmermanPartner Symposium IOrganized by COPE, the Committee on Publication EthicsPublication without borders: Ethical challenges in a globalized worldP15 Authorship: credit and responsibility, including issues in large and interdisciplinary studiesRosemary ShinkaiPartner Symposium JOrganized by CITI, the Cooperative Institutional Training InitiativeExperiences on research integrity educational programs in Colombia, Costa Rica and PeruP16 Experiences in PeruRoxana LescanoP17 Experiences in Costa RicaElizabeth HeitmanP18 Experiences in ColumbiaMaria Andrea Rocio del Pilar Contreras NietoPoster Session B: Education, training, promotion and policyPT.01 The missing role of journal editors in promoting responsible researchIbrahim Alorainy, Khalid Al-WazzanPT.02 Honorary authorship in Taiwan: why and who should be in charge?Chien Chou, Sophia Jui-An PanPT.03 Authorship and citation manipulation in academic researchEric Fong, Al WilhitePT.04 Open peer review of research submission at medical journals: experience at BMJ Open and The BMJTrish GrovesPT.05 Exercising authorship: claiming rewards, practicing integrityDésirée Motta-RothPT.07 Medical scientists' views on publication culture: a focus group studyJoeri Tijdink, Yvo SmuldersPoster Session B: Education, training, promotion and policyPT.09 Ethical challenges in post-graduate supervisionLaetus OK LateganPT.10 The effects of viable ethics instruction on international studentsMichael Mumford, Logan Steele, Logan Watts, James Johnson, Shane Connelly, Lee WilliamsPT.11 Does language reflect the quality of research?Gerben ter Riet, Sufia Amini, Lotty Hooft, Halil KilicogluPT.12 Integrity complaints as a strategic tool in policy decision conflictsJanneke van Seters, Herman Eijsackers, Fons Voragen, Akke van der Zijpp and Frans BromPoster Session C: Ethics and integrity intersectionsPT.14 Regulations of informed consent: university-supported research processes and pitfalls in implementationBadaruddin Abbasi, Naif Nasser AlmasoudPT.15 A review of equipoise as a requirement in clinical trialsAdri LabuschagnePT.16 The Research Ethics Library: online resource for research ethics educationJohanne Severinsen, Espen EnghPT.17 Research integrity: the view from King Abdulaziz City for Science and TechnologyDaham Ismail AlaniPT. 18 Meeting global challenges in high-impact publications and research integrity: the case of the Malaysian Palm Oil BoardHJ. Kamaruzaman JusoffPT.19 University faculty perceptions of research practices and misconductAnita Gordon, Helen C. HartonPoster Session D: International perspectivesPT.21 The Commission for Scientific Integrity as a response to research fraudDieter De Bruyn, Stefanie Van der BurghtPT. 22 Are notions of the responsible conduct of research associated with compliance with requirements for research on humans in different disciplinary traditions in Brazil?Karina de Albuquerque Rocha, Sonia Maria Ramos de VasconcelosPT.23 Creating an environment that promotes research integrity: an institutional model of Malawi Liverpool Welcome TrustLimbanazo MatandikaPT.24 How do science policies in Brazil influence user-engaged ecological research?Aline Carolina de Oliveira Machado Prata, Mark William NeffPoster Session E: Perspectives on misconductPT.26 What “causes” scientific misconduct?: Testing major hypotheses by comparing corrected and retracted papersDaniele Fanelli, Rodrigo Costas, Vincent LarivièrePT.27 Perception of academic plagiarism among dentistry studentsDouglas Leonardo Gomes Filho, Diego Oliveira GuedesPT. 28 a few bad apples?: Prevalence, patterns and attitudes towards scientific misconduct among doctoral students at a German university hospitalVolker Bähr, Niklas Keller, Markus Feufel, Nikolas OffenhauserPT. 29 Analysis of retraction notices published by BioMed CentralMaria K. Kowalczuk, Elizabeth C. MoylanPT.31 "He did it" doesn't work: data security, incidents and partnersKatie SpeanburgPoster Session F: Views from the disciplinesPT.32 Robust procedures: a key to generating quality results in drug discoveryMalini Dasgupta, Mariusz Lubomirski, Tom Lavrijssen, David Malwitz, David Gallacher, Anja GillisPT.33 Health promotion: criteria for the design and the integrity of a research projectMaria Betânia de Freitas Marques, Laressa Lima Amâncio, Raphaela Dias Fernandes, Oliveira Patrocínio, and Cláudia Maria Correia Borges RechPT.34 Integrity of academic work from the perspective of students graduating in pharmacy: a brief research studyMaria Betânia de Freitas Marques, Cláudia Maria Correia Borges Rech, Adriana Nascimento SousaPT.35 Research integrity promotion in the Epidemiology and Health Services, the journal of the Brazilian Unified Health SystemLeila Posenato GarciaPT.36 When are clinical trials registered? An analysis of prospective versus retrospective registration of clinical trials published in the BioMed Central series, UKStephanie Harriman, Jigisha PatelPT.37 Maximizing welfare while promoting innovation in drug developmentFarida LadaOther posters that will be displayed but not presented orally:PT.38 Geoethics and the debate on research integrity in geosciencesGiuseppe Di Capua, Silvia PeppoloniPT.39 Introducing the Professionalism and Integrity in Research Program James M. DuBois, John Chibnall, Jillon Van der WallPT.40 Validation of the professional decision-making in research measureJames M. DuBois, John Chibnall, Jillon Van der Wall, Raymond TaitPT.41 General guidelines for research ethicsJacob HolenPT. 42 A national forum for research ethicsAdele Flakke Johannessen, Torunn EllefsenPT.43 Evaluation of integrity in coursework: an approach from the perspective of the higher education professorClaudia Rech, Adriana Sousa, Maria Betânia de Freitas MarquesPT.44 Principles of geoethics and research integrity applied to the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and Water Column Observatory, a large-scale European environmental research infrastructureSilvia Peppoloni, Giuseppe Di Capua, Laura BeranzoliF1 Focus track on improving research systems: the role of fundersPaulo S.L. Beirão, Susan ZimmermanF2 Focus track on improving research systems: the role of countriesSabine Kleinert, Ana MarusicF3 Focus track on improving research systems: the role of institutionsMelissa S. Anderson, Lex Bouter. (shrink)

Background: The new human coronavirus that leads to COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world and has a high degree of lethality. In more severe cases, patients remain hospitalized for several days under treatment of the health team. Thus, it is important to develop and use technologies with the aim to strengthen conventional therapy by encouraging movement, physical activity, and improving cardiorespiratory fitness for patients. In this sense, therapies for exposure to virtual reality are promising and have been shown to (...) be an adequate and equivalent alternative to conventional exercise programs.Aim: This is a study protocol with the aim of comparing the conventional physical therapy intervention with the use of a non-immersive VR software during COVID-19 hospitalization.Methods: Fifty patients hospitalized with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 will be divided in two groups under physiotherapy treatment using conventional or VR intervention: Group A: participants with COVID-19 will start the first day of the protocol with VR tasks in the morning and then in the second period, in the afternoon, will perform the conventional exercises and Group B: participants with COVID-19 will start the first day with conventional exercises in the morning and in the second period, in the afternoon, will perform activity with VR. All participants will be evaluated with different motor and physiologic scales before and after the treatment to measure improvements.Conclusion: Considering the importance of benefits from physical activity during hospitalization, VR software shows promise as a potential mechanism for improving physical activity. The results of this study may provide new insights into hospital rehabilitation.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04537858. Registered on 01 September 2020. (shrink)

Apesar do maior reconhecimento da importância das relações entre saúde, religião e espiritualidade no cuidado em saúde, as universidades brasileiras ainda não fornecem treinamento adequado nesse âmbito. O objetivo desse artigo é compreender como docentes de uma universidade pública brasileira percebem as relações entre saúde, religião, espiritualidade e seu ensino. 10 professores foram submetidos à entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Apreenderam-se três núcleos temáticos e, a partir destes, emergiram cinco categorias: Religião e (...) Espiritualidade: Conceitos superpostos?; Bom ou ruim para a saúde?; Dimensão excluída da prática clínica; Ensino: Seria bom, mas não agora; Questionamentos e barreiras à inclusão no ensino. Os resultados demonstraram que os participantes superpunham os conceitos de religião e espiritualidade, reconheceram seus impactos positivos sobre a saúde, entretanto, enfatizaram seus aspectos problemáticos. O ensino de saúde, religião e espiritualidade não foi considerado prioritário e as crenças do corpo docente parecem influenciar nesta posição. Diante da quantidade e qualidade das evidências científicas sobre o impacto positivo da religião/espiritualidade na saúde, a inserção desse tópico na formação dos profissionais de saúde não deve depender apenas das percepções e/ou preferências do corpo docente universitário. (shrink)

IntroductionThere is a need to maintain rehabilitation activities and motivate movement and physical activity during quarantine in individuals with Cerebral Palsy.ObjectiveThis paper sets out to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of using computer serious game in a non-immersive virtual reality implemented and evaluated completely remotely in participants with CP for Home-Based Telerehabilitation during the quarantine period for COVID-19.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, a total of 44 individuals participated in this study between March and June 2020, 22 of which had CP (...) and 22 typically developing individuals, matched by age and sex to the individuals with CP. Participants practiced a coincident timing game1 and we measured movement performance and physical activity intensity using the rating of perceived exertion Borg scale.ResultsAll participants were able to engage with the VR therapy remotely, reported enjoying sessions, and improved performance in some practice moments. The most important result in this cross-sectional study was the significant increasing in rating of perceived exertion in both groups during practice and with CP presenting a higher rating of perceived exertion.ConclusionChildren with CP enjoyed participating, were able to perform at the same level as their peers on certain activities and increased both their performance and physical activity intensity when using the game, supporting the use of serious games for this group for home therapy and interactive games.Clinical Trials Registrationhttps://Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04402034. Registered on May 20, 2020. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as modificações cognitivas e identitárias nos/dos sujeitos da sociedade digital – denominados aqui de sujeitos imersivos, no sentido proposto por Lucia Santaella. Para tanto, considera-se a hipótese de que a compreensão de conceitos como ciberespaço, cibercultura e virtualização exige, antecipadamente, o resgate do sentido de termos como virtual, real, realidade e atualidade. O marco teórico destaca principalmente os argumentos apresentados por Pierre Lévy e Giles Deleuze. Parte-se do questionamento da fronteira entre mente e (...) corpo, entre real e virtual. Posteriormente, são identificadas algumas mudanças provocadas pela virtualização e seus efeitos nos espaços escolares. Os procedimentos metodológicos são demarcados pela abordagem qualitativa com amparo na pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados indicam a emergência de um novo sujeito de aprendizagem com processos cognitivos distintos e novas demandas sociais. Estas condições impõem um redimensionamento dos saberes e atitudes dos professores e dos especialistas em educação. Os apontamentos finais sugerem a necessidade de intensificação dos estudos acerca da virtualização da sociedade contemporânea a fim de compreender as características identitárias dos sujeitos imersivos. Palavras-chave : Virtual e real. Virtualização. Ciberespaço e cibercultura. Modificações cognitivas e identitárias. (shrink)

A partir das concepções de Immanuel Kant e Hannah Arendt relativamente à Faculdade do Juízo, esse artigo busca analisar as possíveis conexões entre a nossa capacidade de julgar o belo, e a forma como a Arte Contemporânea articula valores estéticos, morais e cognitivos. Para tanto, apresenta alguns aspectos da apropriação que Arendt faz do juízo estético do gosto que julga o belo, considerando-o como uma categoria política, visando a uma possível associação das manifestações públicas da Arte Contemporânea à ação política (...) de caráter público. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The presence of truth and honesty is a permanent demand, and becomes vital the more committed and intimate a relationship is. Medical practice is relevant to this discussion when one questions whether or not a physician should always tell their patient the truth in the face of a progressive or potentially fatal disease, regarding the diagnosis, outcome, therapy and evolution of the specific disease. From this discussion we aim, with the present report, to look at the truth applicable to (...) the patient‐physician relationship, and its ethical and moral implications; and also to look at where the Brazilian Code of Medical Ethics (BCME) and the medical literature stand regarding this issue. One concludes that there are only two moments not to tell a patient the truth: when the patient does not want to be informed, and when the truth could be iatrogenic. The question now is, when would the truth be iatrogenic? Physicians, in our opinion, would not be able to judge solitarily when the truth might be deleterious to their patient. Alternatively, we propose the appointment of a multidisciplinary commission to help the doctor with such a decision. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a ética do cuidado de enfermagem no tratamento de pacientes oncológicos. Optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa cuja metodologia foi dividida em etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi realizado um levantamento de artigos publicados, no período de 2000 a 2009, em periódicos do Scielo, utilizando os descritores: saúde/doença, enfermagem, ética do cuidado e oncologia. Esse levantamento culminou com a seleção de 28 artigos, 21 dos quais foram eleitos posteriormente para leitura aprofundada, assim como para (...) utilização no estudo. Na segunda etapa, foram explorados dados do campo, com a transcrição e análise de depoimentos de profissionais da enfermagem sobre a concepção de cuidado bem como de dados sobre pacientes oncológicos, acompanhados no período de 2007 e 2008. A pesquisa e suas exigências protocolares, sob o número CAAE - 0147.0.213.000-10, foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da PUC Minas em 31 de agosto de 2010. O referencial teórico foi composto por autores que discutem o cuidado na perspectiva filosófica e teológica - Boff (2001, 2005 e 2006), Efken (2005) - e autores da área da saúde oncológica, entre eles, Carvalho et al. (2002), Popim & Boemer (2005), Visentin, Labronici & Lenardt (2007) e Araújo et al. (2009). Os resultados evidenciaram o cuidado na enfermagem como princípio ético essencial, assim como a necessidade de investimentos em políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil, que efetivem o trabalho de prevenção, educação e cura do câncer. Palavras-Chave: Saúde/Doença; Enfermagem; Ética do cuidado; Oncologia.The objective of this article is to analyze the nursing care in the treatment of oncology patients. We have opted for bibliographical research of qualitative nature, a methodology divided into stages. In the first stage we gathered articles in a publication called Scielo from 2000 to 2009, which described: health/illness, nursing, ethics of care, and oncology. Through this process the selection of twenty-eight articles was accomplished, however only twenty-one articles were utilized in the production of this study. In the second stage field data were explored, we transcribed and analyzed the statements of nursing professionals on the conception of care and on oncology patients overseen by them in the period of 2007 to 2008. The research protocol and its requirements under the number CAAE - 0147.0.213.000-10, was approved by the Ethics Committee of PUC Minas on August 31, 2010. The theoretical support was provided by authors who discuss care in a philosophical and theological perspective: Boff (2001, 2005, and 2006), Efken (2005); and authors in the field of healthcare, among them Popim & Boemer (2005), Silva et. al , (2005), Souza et al. (2005), Visentin, et al. (2007), and Araújo, et. al. (2008). The results demonstrated the care in nursing as an essential ethical principal, as much as the necessity of investment in public health policies in Brazil, for the effective promotion of cancer prevention, education and cure. Key words : Health/Illness; Nursing; Ethics of Care; Oncology. (shrink)

Resumo: Machado de Assis, um dos mais famosos escritores brasileiros, oferece um retrato de Bento de Espinosa em um soneto de 1880. Em seus versos, o poeta combina, do início ao fim, a imagem do pensador como operário e como filósofo. Apesar de certa imprecisão nos traços estampados no retrato, o artigo pretende mostrar que o soneto pode, tanto quanto o poema “Spinoza”, de Jorge Luis Borges, operar como um primeiro convite ao estudo do espinosismo. Embora não haja qualquer (...) intenção de realizar uma exegese propriamente literária do poema, busca-se desvendar as singularidades da imagem machadiana de Espinosa, confrontando-a aos escritos do filósofo e aos dados disponíveis a respeito de sua vida.: Machado de Assis, one of the most well-known Brazilian writers, offers a portrait of Baruch Spinoza in a sonnet of 1880. In its verses, the poet combines the image of the thinker as a craftsman and as a philosopher. This article intends to show that despite the inaccuracy in the sonnet’s portrayal of certain aspects of its subject, it can nevertheless, just like the poem “Spinoza” written by Jorge Luis Borges, act as a first call to the study of Spinozism. Without intending to perform a proper literary exegesis of the poem, the article seeks to unveil the singularities of Machado’s image of Spinoza, confronting it with the philosopher’s works and biography. (shrink)

“Seguramente, hasta hoy no creía que no aumentará de peso ni se achicará al aumentar la velocidad de la nave, ni que lo que es ahora para usted ya pasó para Fulano y aún no ocurrió para Zutano, ¿verdad? Desengáñese, porque el autor de este libro, nada menos que profesor de astrofísica relativista y autoridad mundial en agujeros negros y otros portentos, le hará dudar de todo eso” (del prólogo de Mario Bunge). -/- -/- “Como Borges —escribe el autor—, (...) he sentido que el del tiempo es el problema esencial de la metafísica de Occidente. Lo he estudiado durante más de 30 años. Me convertí en físico relativista por este problema. Y jamás rechacé la metafísica, como otros colegas, que, borrachos de ignorancia, desprecian lo que ignoran. Estudié lógica, semántica, ontología, epistemología. A veces los medios se transformaron en fines, y publiqué abundantemente filosofía. Siempre fui un outsider: un científico para los filósofos, un astrónomo para los físicos, un físico para los astrónomos. No me quejo: me evité lo peor de todos esos mundos”. -/- . (shrink)

Kant’s dualism in anthropology and morality is said to be bridged only by means of a teleology that seems to betray the historical constitution of its subjectivity. And yet the Kantianarticulation of problems of theoretical and practical reason can be explored only insofar as they help us understand the correlated issues of the unity of reason, the relation of aesthetics and ethics in the light of the three Critiques, and the teleological conception of history. In this paper, I argue for (...) a teleological reading of the systematic architectonic so as to make sense of the concept of purposiveness as the a priori principle of judgment in its logical, aesthetic, and teleological reflection and of the unifying, a priori principles of each faculty–namely, conformity to law, final purpose, and conformity to purpose or purposiveness – respectively dealt with in the three Critiques. (shrink)

The text delivers a twofold analysis of negationism. On the one hand, it is taken as an ideological phenomenon characterized by a critique of modernity construed from the outside of its customary assumptions. On the other hand, an objective sort of negationism is found in the historical unfolding of the intrinsic limitations of modern socialization. These are brought forward by attention to the class content of the class character of the institutions regularly evoked by the apologetics of modernity – civil (...) society, science, the State. Progressivism, we suggest, the main target of negationism, is the tradition occupied with that apologetics, either promoting an intellectual critique of, or simply overlooking, the afore-mentioned class character, which, however, becomes historically undeniable to the common people, consistently victimized by it throughout modern history. In this sense, the modern social process is characterized as civil war. (shrink)

Philosophy of science has undergone a naturalistic turn, moving away from traditional idealized concerns with the logical structure of scientific theories and toward focusing on real-world scientific practice, especially in domains such as modeling and experimentation. As part of this shift, recent work has explored how the project of philosophically understanding science as a natural phenomenon can be enriched by drawing from different fields and disciplines, including niche construction theory in evolutionary biology, on the one hand, and ecological and enactive (...) views in embodied cognitive science, on the other. But these insights have so far been explored in separation from each other, without clear indication of whether they can work together. Moreover, the focus on particular practices, however insightful, has tended to lack consideration of potential further implications for a naturalized understanding of science as a whole (i.e., above and beyond those particular practices). Motivated by these developments, here we sketch a broad-ranging view of science, scientific practice and scientific knowledge in terms of ecological-enactive co-construction. The view we propose situates science in the biological, evolutionary context of human embodied cognitive activity aimed at addressing the demands of life. This motivates reframing theory as practice, and reconceptualizing scientific knowledge in ecological terms, as relational and world-involving. Our view also brings to the forefront of attention the fundamental link between ideas about the nature of mind, of science and of nature itself, which we explore by outlining how our proposal differs from more conservative, and narrower, conceptions of “cognitive niche construction.”. (shrink)

Psychology has a WEIRD problem. It is overly reliant on participants from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic societies. Over the last decade this problem has come to be widely acknowledged, yet there has been little progress toward making psychology more diverse. This Element proposes that the lack of progress can be explained by the fact that the original WEIRD critique was too narrow in scope. Rather than a single problem of a lack of diversity among research participants, there are (...) at least four overlapping problems. Psychology is WEIRD not only in terms of who makes up its participant pool, but also in terms of its theoretical commitments, methodological assumptions, and institutional structures. Psychology as currently constituted is a fundamentally WEIRD enterprise. Coming to terms with this is necessary if we wish to make psychology relevant for all humanity. (shrink)

[...] Como nasce o Novo, lançado em 2018 pela editora Todavia, de autoria de Marcos Nobre. O livro é um trabalho raro de tradução e exegese de um trecho central de um clássico da Filosofia alemã e mundial, Fenomenologia do Espírito, de G. W. F. Hegel. Esta obra pode interessar tanto ao leitor inicial quanto ao especialista no sentido estrito do termo. A obra se divide em ao menos três partes principais, 1) uma “Apresentação” de toda a problemática envolvida nesta (...) obra fundamental de Hegel; 2) A tradução da Introdução à Fenomenologia do Espírito, que se faz acompanhar do texto original, sinopticamente disposto; 3) a Análise e comentário do texto, que é completada com a divisão esquemática do texto e com quadros sinópticos da divisão proposta, bem como de uma tábua de termos da tradução adotada. Em cada uma dessas partes, Marcos Nobre explicita seu método e deixa ao leitor opções para seguir ou não os passos do autor, isto é, há um “Manual de instruções” em cada uma das etapas, tornando a obra bastante democrática e aberta. O livro nos é apresentado já mediante a polêmica, ao que tudo indica infindável, a respeito do “lugar” da Fenomenologia do Espírito na organização sistemática da obra de Hegel. O trabalho minucioso de Marcos Nobre expõe todas as jogadas possíveis desse jogo aberto; realça nuances extremamente sutis entre as interpretações, e consegue fazer o leitor ter a certeza de que só está na largada de uma longa viagem. [...]. (shrink)

Este artigo insere-se no trabalho de pesquisa Intitulado Observatório da Formação Docente- construção de identidades dos professores em que tem o objetivo de contribuir para a Rede Colaborativa de Investigação-Formação-Serviço sobre políticas públicas de formação e desenvolvimento docente. Neste recorte, faz-se uma análise reflexiva acerca da formação de professores na área de Letras- Língua Portuguesa para o exercício da profissão docente junto ao público dos ensinos fundamental e médio. O intuito inicial das discussões e partilhas de experiências em rede internacional (...) é de buscar experiências inovadoras nos processos de formação de professores. Em busca de aprofundamentos e de base teóricas para a sustentação do propostas formativas entendemos que a maior experiência de inovação seria recuperar as bases humanísticas para que, assim, retornássemos ao conceito humano como centro de todas as atividades educacionais. Tratamos, portanto, da crise das especialidades no mundo pós-moderno e verificamos os conceitos basilares para a construção da identidade dos profissionais da área de linguagem por meio das interpretações analíticas dos projetos políticos pedagógicos de cursos de Licenciatura em Letras. (shrink)

O artigo argumenta que a teoria dos poderes políticos de Thomas Hobbes no Leviatã é inovadora, consistente e muito bem integrada no debate da época e em sua filosofia política. Essa teoria se revela na versão latina do Leviatã com a inserção pelo autor do binômio da potentia e da potestas, que traduz a palavra power, tornando explícita uma distinção que antes poderia ser compreendida apenas analiticamente. O uso dos dois conceitos por Hobbes é um tema pouco explorado pela literatura (...) e, mesmo aqueles e aquelas especialistas que tratam do binômio não interpretam adequadamente o texto hobbesiano nem oferecem uma contextualização do tema no debate da época. O presente artigo busca preencher essa lacuna. (shrink)

Humanity Divided focuses on the multiple challenges associated with the concept of Israel's divine election, especially as reflected in the thought of Martin Buber and other Modern Jewish thinkers such as Franz Rosenzweig, Hermann Cohen, Yeshayahu Leibowitz, David Hartman, Hannah Arendt, and Aviezer Ravitzky. Particular attention is given to the practical application of Israel's chosenness to Jewish nationalism, Zionism, and political Messianism.

Thomas Kuhn's philosophy of science, which he developed by focusing on physics, was later applied by other authors to virtually all areas or disciplines of culture. What interests me here, however, is the movement in the opposite direction: the role that one of these disciplines, history of art, played in the conception of Kuhn'stheoryof science.In a 1969 article, his only published text concerning science and art, Kuhn makes a brief and intriguing observation about The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. He says (...) the book was a belated product of his discovery of the parallels between science and art. This is a retrospective assertion about Structure, as well as that of the... (shrink)

Thesis summary: OLIVEIRA, Jotaci Brasiliano Conceição de. The first assembly of the people of God, a facet of the reception of the Second Vatican Council in the Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte.

Given many meanings that the school has adopted for each person, we have found the need to provide some reflections on the subject, supported in a philosophical perspective, in order to enlarge the debate on the values of the school for teachers and students, especially. This brief paper aims to make a cut about the value that the figure of the object "school" has adopted for teachers and students. We refer to the school, involving only the institutions of the levels (...) from elementary to secondary school, not including the institutes or other levels. The work has as scientific foundations philosophical contributions of authors like Herbart, Wittgenstein, MacIntyre, Deleuze, Aristotle, Dewey, Foucault, and orientations coming from the linguistics of Saussure, which supports us in the understanding and management of language. (shrink)

Ainda que sejam muitos os momentos em que o Direito se deixa influenciar pelos valores, existe hoje uma convicção de que os processos de aplicação do Direito resultam de processos racionais. Acredita-se que o aplicador do direito é influenciado pelos argumentos das partes, e constrói sua decisão racionalmente. Todavia, novas descobertas da Neurociência e da Psicologia Moral mostram que muitos desses julgamentos morais, que inevitavelmente influenciam os julgamentos jurídicos, são feitos de forma inconsciente e não-racional. Quando formados, esses julgamentos são (...) imunes a argumentos racionais contrários. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, discutem-se neste trabalho algumas decorrências dessas novas descobertas para o Direito. Entre elas, a possibilidade de reforçar o treinamento filosófico mais aprofundado no curso de formação de juristas, ou no curso de formação de magistrados, tornando essas pessoas mais permeáveis a argumentos contrários às suas próprias convicções morais. E ainda, a limitação do mandato dos Ministros dos Tribunais Superiores, com o objetivo de evitar que a jurisprudência se atrele à convicção moral de uns poucos juristas por longos períodos de tempo. (shrink)

Debate about cognitive science explanations has been formulated in terms of identifying the proper level(s) of explanation. Views range from reductionist, favoring only neuroscience explanations, to mechanist, favoring the integration of multiple levels, to pluralist, favoring the preservation of even the most general, high-level explanations, such as those provided by embodied or dynamical approaches. In this paper, we challenge this framing. We suggest that these are not different levels of explanation at all but, rather, different styles of explanation that capture (...) different, cross-cutting patterns in cognitive phenomena. Which pattern is explanatory depends on both the cognitive phenomenon under investigation and the research interests occasioning the explanation. This reframing changes how we should answer the basic questions of which cognitive science approaches explain and how these explanations relate to one another. On this view, we should expect different approaches to offer independent explanations in terms of their different focal patterns and the value of those explanations to partly derive from the broad patterns they feature. (shrink)

Resumo: Nossa intenção, neste artigo, é apresentar uma leitura da narrativa hesiódica da criação de Pandora, a primeira mulher, analisando sob quais aspectos aparecem, na poesia arcaica grega, os traços míticos relacionados ao feminino que Simone de Beauvoir mapeia na segunda e na terceira parte do primeiro volume de O Segundo Sexo, intituladas História e Os Mitos. O que de próprio à condição feminina ocidental é atribuído à mulher desde Hesíodo e como? A leitura que faremos segue a estratégia do (...) “releasing” (libertação) de autoras feministas, como Vered Kenaan, em Pandora´s Sense. Trata-se de libertar a imagem da primeira mulher da sua conotação negativa e das consequências opressoras que dela decorrem e mostrar como a narrativa grega sobre a criação de Pandora apresenta traços de ambiguidade e indeterminação próprias à condição humana em geral, conforme Beauvoir apresenta em Por uma moral da ambiguidade, traços que a tradição patriarcal revestiu de fantasias e atribuiu exclusivamente à mulher ou responsabilizou-a por eles. Vale ressaltar que não se trata de descobrir, sob o olhar masculino sobre a mulher, uma verdade mais fundamental, uma natureza do feminino. Mas de, compreendendo a construção da condição feminina de subjugo, encontrar na imagem da mulher,potências que nos permitirão transformá-la. (shrink)

Ao contemplar a realidade do enriqueci-mento de muitos, somada à corrupção, à violência e à impunidade, o homem justo e honesto sente-se seduzido pelo enriqueci-mento rápido e tentado a reproduzir a mesma prática do injusto. O Salmo 37 é expressão da verdadeira sabedoria, que ilumina o justo para manter-se firme, em seu caminho, vivendo a não-violência, confiando e mostrando a alternativa de um mundo diferente.

In a attempt to get around a certain misunderstanding that prevents us from seeing the similarities between Alain Badiou’s theory of the subject and the Wertkritik (or critique of value), we try to point out how in these two conceptual approaches there is an absolute refusal of the capitalist system. In order to do so, it was necessary to elucidate how the resumptions of Marx’s thought that are materialized, in one case, in the theorization carried out by Badiou and, in (...) the other, by the critique of value, although they do not coincide with each other, do not truly prescribe an exclusion of each other. (shrink)

In this paper I identify a tension between the two sets of works by Kuhn regarding the genesis of the “new historiography” of science. In the first, it could be said that the change from the traditional to the new historiography is strictly endogenous. In the second, the change is predominantly exogenous. To address this question, I draw on a text that is considered to be less important among Kuhn’s works, but which, as shall be argued, allows some contact between (...) Kuhn’s two approaches via Koyré. I seek to point out and differentiate the roles of Koyré and Kuhn – from Kuhn’s point of view – in the development of the historiography of science and, as a complement, present some reflections regarding the justification of the new historiography. (shrink)

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo expandir reflexões sobre a relação entre mães e filhas, especialmente a rejeição a partir da quebra de expectativa perante a sexualidade da filha. A partir de exemplos de obras da literatura contemporânea e da análise do discurso de linha francesa (PÊCHEUX, 2014), argumenta-se sobre como a construção do discurso do "amor materno incondicional" e como algumas das expectativas maternas são consoantes ao patriarcalismo e capaitalismo.

In the graphical representation of ontologies, it is customary to use graph theory as the representational background. We claim here that the standard graph-based approach has a number of limitations. We focus here on a problem in the graph-based representation of ontologies in complex domains such as biomedical, engineering and manufacturing: lack of mereotopological representation. Based on such limitation, we proposed a diagrammatic way to represent an entity’s structure and various forms of mereotopological relationships between the entities.

Thomas Scanlon buscou desenvolver uma abordagem contratualista da moralidade partindo de argumentos fundados apenas em princípios que ninguém poderia razoavelmente rejeitar. Ele acreditava que a maior parte das teorias contratualistas era fundamentada apenas em acordos realizados por agentes autointeressados e queria apresentar uma versão diferente de contrato social. Ele decidiu, então, chamar contratualismo sua teoria e outras fundamentadas na razoabilidade e contratarianismo aquelas fundadas na racionalidade entendida como busca pelo autointeresse. Essa se tornou uma distinção usual e Hobbes tem sido (...) classificado como contratarianista. A posição ocupada por Hobbes deveria, entretanto, ser examinada em detalhe. A compreensão de Hobbes da racionalidade é diferente do autointeresse. Além disso, ele liga a descoberta das leis de natureza, que comandam a reciprocidade, à razão. No entanto, o interesse na preservação da própria vida é um fim importante na teoria dele. O objetivo do presente artigo é mostrar que a teoria de Hobbes é mais interessante e complexa do que a definição do contratarianismo. (shrink)